What forensic genetic genealogy is
Forensic genetic genealogy is an investigative method that analyzes genetic data made available through authorized genealogy databases and combines it with traditional genealogical research to identify possible relatives of an unknown individual. By building and analyzing family trees from those genetic matches, an investigator can develop leads about the identity of an unknown person — for example, a suspect in a qualifying criminal case or unidentified human remains.
It is a lead-development tool. It does not identify a single individual to the exclusion of all others, and it does not replace established forensic and investigative processes.
Where it fits in an investigation
Genetic genealogy is typically considered when traditional investigative and forensic methods have not resolved a case — for example, when a DNA profile exists but no match is found in conventional law-enforcement databases. It develops candidate leads that investigators then pursue and verify through standard investigative work and confirmatory testing.
Because it complements rather than replaces other methods, it is most useful when coordinated closely with the investigative team that will act on the leads it produces.
How leads are developed
The process begins with a case assessment to determine whether genetic genealogy is appropriate and what inputs are available. Qualifying DNA data is evaluated, and genetic matches made available through authorized databases are analyzed. From those matches, family trees are built and researched to narrow the field of possible candidates.
Each step is documented so the investigative team can evaluate the reasoning behind a lead and verify it independently before acting.
Limits and responsibilities
Genetic genealogy depends on the data available in authorized databases and is governed by those databases’ policies. Not every case qualifies, and not every case that qualifies will produce a usable lead. The method’s value lies in generating leads for investigators to verify — not in delivering a final identification on its own.
